Location
Harry Wurzbach at Austin Highway

Description
This project will build an interchange connecting Harry Wurzbach to Austin Highway to replace the disjointed access there now. Exit and entrance ramps will connect Harry Wurzbach directly to Austin Highway at the existing overpass location. The ramps will be conventional surface-level entrance and exit ramps, not flyovers. 

The new interchange will include San Antonio's first Single Point Urban Interchange (SPUI). A SPUI elongates a standard access road intersection so that the two junctions typically formed by the access roads on each side of the overpass are instead compressed into a single intersection located halfway between. To do this, the access road approaches are curved inward so that the left turn movements can pass by each other like they do at a typical four-way intersection. This allows the opposing left turn movements on each axis of the intersection to proceed simultaneously like they do in a typical four-way intersection, which reduces the number of signal phases required. Fewer phases means shorter red times, which means less delay. A picture is worth a thousand words, so see the diagrams below to help better visualize this.

What is a signal phase? A signal "phase" is the green time assigned to a specified movement or collection of movements in a traffic signal cycle. In other words, when the signal is green for a specific movement (straight through, left turn, etc.), that's a signal phase. When it changes to red and another movement gets a green signal, that's another phase. The complete rotation through of all of the phases is a cycle.

Right-turns still take place at the same location as they do in a conventional intersection. Note that at a SPUI, there is no straight-through traffic possible on the access roads, i.e. you will not be able to exit Harry Wurzbach and then re-enter it by going straight through to the entrance ramp. At this location, since these will be entrance and exit ramps instead of true frontage roads, there should be no need for anyone to go straight through anyway.

Overview of new interchange

The diagrams below show what the traffic flow for a conventional intersection would be versus that for a SPUI.

CONVENTIONAL INTERSECTION (TYPICAL)
TRAFFIC FLOW FOR AUSTIN HWY.

SINGLE POINT URBAN INTERCHANGE (PROPOSED)
TRAFFIC FLOW FOR AUSTIN HWY.

CONVENTIONAL INTERSECTION (TYPICAL)
TRAFFIC FLOW FOR HARRY WURZBACH RAMPS TO AUSTIN HWY.

SINGLE POINT URBAN INTERCHANGE (PROPOSED)
TRAFFIC FLOW FOR HARRY WURZBACH RAMPS TO AUSTIN HWY.

To accomodate the SPUI, the existing overpass will be expanded. The extent of that expansion varies by quadrant.

In addition to the new interchange, this project will also make the following other changes:

• The signal on Eisenhauer just west of Harry Wurzbach at the current access road will be removed and left turns at that intersection will be prohibited and blocked by a concrete island. (With the new ramps to and from Harry Wurzbach, there should be little need for those turns anymore. Motorists on Harry Wurzbach wanting to get to businesses located along that access road, such as the bowling alley, will instead exit onto Austin Highway, then turn onto the access road from there.) The dedicated right-turn ramp from the access road to southbound Harry Wurzbach will also be removed. Instead, drivers will make two right turns at that location to get onto southbound Harry Wurzbach.
  
  
• The signal on Harry Wurzbach just south of Austin Highway (providing access to the Lowes and HEB parking lots) will be removed. A dedicated left turn lane into the rear driveways of both stores will be provided. Motorists can also use the new ramps to Austin Highway and then access those stores via Austin Highway.
  
  
• The current "front" or northern driveway for Lowes on Harry Wurzbach will become an exit-only drive. This is because it is located where the southbound entrance ramp from Austin Highway will be; traffic coming from there will turn south onto that ramp.
  
  
• The driveway to Discount Tire on Austin Highway will be closed as it is too close to the new intersection and there is sufficient and convenient access just around the corner.
  
  
• The driveway on Austin Highway closest to Advance Auto Parts will be closed, also because of its proximity to the new intersection. 
  
  
• The existing signals on Austin Highway and on Harry Wurzbach at Eisenhauer (with the exception of the one discussed in the first point above) will remain.
  
  
• There will be no right turn allowed from the northbound Harry Wurzbach mainlanes to eastbound Eisenhauer Road due to the proximity of the entrance ramp there. Motorists on northbound Harry Wurzbach wanting to get to Eisenhauer Road will exit at Austin Highway, turn right, and proceed to Eisenhauer from there.
  
  
• Sidewalks, bike lanes, hike/bike (aka "shared use") paths, crosswalks, and bus stops are included throughout the project.
  
  
• Previous proposals to close Thrush View Lane at Eisenhauer and to construct a new access point to Harry Wurzbach have been eliminated.

How this project will help
The new interchange will allow traffic to more easily and intuitively get from Harry Wurzbach to Austin Highway and vice-versa, reducing congestion at the Eisenhauer intersections and eliminating cut through traffic in adjacent parking lots.

The SPUI design will allow the new intersection there to function more efficiently than a conventional intersection would. The two separate intersections in a conventional configuration cause left turn movements (for all approaches) to conflict with each other. As a result, each left turn movement requires its own protected green time for a total of four signal phases. Because opposing left turns in a SPUI can proceed simultaneously, this results in only three total signal phases being required instead of the four in a conventional intersection, thus resulting in less waiting on all approaches.

• This looks difficult to navigate. It will cause lots of crashes.
  While it may look complicated on the schematics, it's actually fairly easy to navigate on the ground. A 1996 study of SPUI implementations found no significant difference in accident rates or severity compared to conventional intersections. This design is in widepread use in other states and has a good track record.
  
  
• So if this isn't safer than a conventional intersection, why do it?
  Because the design means fewer signal phases, which means less delay for traffic. With safety being equal (no more or less dangerous), the reduced delay still produces a net benefit for this intersection type.


• Are the new left turns flyovers?
  No, the new turning lanes will be at the same level as Austin Highway. Harry Wurzbach will continue to pass under Austin Highway as it does today.
  


• Will there be turnarounds?
  No, this intersection will not have turnarounds. Traffic wanting to turn around can easily do so at the intersection.
  
  
• Why hasn't there been a "real" intersection here before?
  When Harry Wurzbach was first built back in the 1940s, its purpose was to connect Fort Sam Houston to Camp Bullis. Austin Highway was US 81 at that time and was the main highway to Austin and points north, so it was quite busy. To avoid conflicts between military convoys on Harry Wurzbach and traffic on Austin Highway, the overpass was built to separate that traffic. Because the area around this intersection was sparsely populated at the time, there was little demand to get from Harry Wurzbach to Austin Highway or vice-versa, so the ad-hoc routes to connect the two roads via Eisenhauer and the short access road to the west was determined to be sufficient, and that configuration has endured.


• Who came up with this cockamamie design?
  The SPUI design has been around for several decades and is in widespread use in the US and internationally and has a proven track record of improving traffic wherever it has been implemented. It is one of several types of "innovative" or "alternative" intersection designs being implemented across the country at intersections to improve their efficiency. As this is a completely new intersection, the city and TxDOT were able to select the best design for the location. Since there is no need to facilitate north-south through traffic at this intersection (as it goes under Austin Highway), a SPUI was a perfect fit.
  

Schematic and renderings
Below is the detailed schematic for this project from the City of San Antonio with my own annotations added to help clarify and explain the various elements. Click on the image below to open the schematic in a new window that you can scroll and zoom. Below that are some renderings of the completed project. For an animation of the SPUI, see the links at the bottom of this page.

DETAILED PROJECT SCHEMATIC

Click above to see the detailed annotated schematic for this project
 

RENDERINGS

Looking NE along Austin Highway

Looking SW along Austin Highway

Looking from SE corner

Looking along northbound exit from Harry Wurzbach

Close-up of SPUI intersection

Looking northbound along Harry Wurzbach

	City of San Antonio - Harry Wurzbach at Austin Highway http://www.sanantonio.gov/TCI/Projects/Harry-Wurzbach-at-Austin-Highway#199141583-about-the-project
	Harry Wurzbach & Austin Highway SPUI animation https://vimeo.com/225152712
	TXDOT - Single Point Urban Interchange Fact Sheet http://ftp.dot.state.tx.us/pub/txdot/my35/capital/concepts/spui-factsheet.pdf
	FHWA - Alternative Intersections/Interchanges Informational Report https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/safety/09060/
	Wikipedia - Single-point urban interchange https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-point_urban_interchange