Interstate (Loop) 410 - The Texas Highway Man

San Antonio Area Freeway System

Interstate (Loop) 410
(John B. Connally Loop)

This page last updated February 4, 2024

This page covers Interstate 410 (Loop 410) around the city except for the section between the Fratt Interchange (Loop 410 North) and the Loop 410 South Cutoff on the Northeast Side. That section is concurrent with I‑35 and, because the I‑35 mile markers and exit numbers are used along that stretch, information for that segment can be found on the I‑35 North page. Technically, that section is not even officially part of Loop 410 per TxDOT's highway designation files. However, it is signed as both I‑35 and I‑410 for continuity purposes.

Length: 49 miles (53 miles including the concurrent section on I‑35)

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Overview

Interstate 410, known locally as "Loop 410" or, by old-timers, just "The Loop", is really a tale of two freeways. The southern half (south of US 90) generally demarcates the edge of the city and resembles and functions more like a semi-rural or urban fringe Interstate than an urban freeway. Meanwhile, the northern arc is the busiest stretch of freeway in Texas outside of Houston — making it one of the 25 or so busiest in the nation — and is home to a substantial share of the region's suburban office space and several major shopping centers.

Loop 410 provides access to San Antonio International Airport, the South Texas Medical Center, the Southwest Research Institute and Texas Biomedical Research Institute, the Westover Hills area and Sea World of Texas, the National Security Agency campus, Joint Base San Antonio Ft. Sam Houston and Lackland, Traders Village, the Brooks re-development (formerly Brooks City-Base), Stinson Municipal Airport, the San Antonio Missions Trail National Park, Palo Alto College, Texas A&M University - San Antonio, the Toyota and Navistar plants and adjacent facilities, and the cities of Castle Hills, Balcones Heights, Leon Valley, Kirby, and Windcrest.

Land along the northern arc is heavily developed. Office towers, shopping malls, hotels, and other commercial developments dominate the landscape, interspersed with dense mid-20th century residential areas. South of US 90, development is much more dispersed with large tracts of vacant land, although this area has been seeing new residential, commercial, and industrial growth in recent years, most notably a growing logistics and industrial area at I‑35 South. Development along the southern arc is a mixture of light residential, commercial, industrial, and public uses.

In 2010, TxDOT completed a major decade-long program to expand Loop 410 to ten lanes across most of the northern arc.

Loop 410 intersects with I‑35 North at two places: north of Walzem Rd. at the Fratt Interchange, and south of Rittiman Rd. at the 410 South Cutoff. Between those interchanges, Loop 410 runs concurrent with I‑35.

Roadway details

LANES

6 lanes between I‑35 (Fratt Interchange) and Perrin-Beitel Rd. 10 lanes between Perrin-Beitel Rd. and SH 151 with short 8 lane sections through the I‑10 and Bandera Rd. interchanges 8 lanes between SH 151 and US 90 6 lanes between US 90 and Valley Hi Dr. 4 lanes between Valley Hi Dr. and I‑35 North (Loop 410 South Cutoff)

ACCESS ROADS

Continuous access roads along entire route except at: Both sets of railroad tracks just west of I‑35 South I‑35 South I‑37 South I‑10 East FM 78 Eastbound access road ends at Interchange Pkwy. just before reaching I‑35 North — traffic can take a turnaround to the westbound access road or cross over to Perrin Creek Dr. Eastbound access road through-traffic requires a left turn at Harry Wurzbach Rd. Southbound access road between Dietrich Rd. and I‑10 East is two-way Southbound access road turns to become the northbound I‑35 access road near FM 78 and Binz-Engleman Rd. — traffic can turn left at FM 78 to continue on southbound Loop 410 access road Access road flyovers (intersection bypass) provided at San Pedro Ave. (both directions) and at Military Dr. West (southbound)

EXITS

Click here for a list of Loop 410 exits.

SPEED LIMITS

65 mph north of US 90 70 mph south of US 90 60 mph between I‑35 North and I‑10 East

SPECIAL FEATURES AND NOTES

Route number concurrencies (multiplexes): 3 miles concurrent with North from Fratt Interchange to Loop 410 South Cutoff — this section is officially not designated as part of Interstate 410, but is signed as such for continuity purposes 16 miles of concurrent along western arc from Bandera Rd. to Poteet-Jourdanton Fwy. 20 miles of concurrent from I‑35 South to I‑10 East 3 miles of concurrent from I‑37 to Roosevelt Ave. TransGuide coverage along entire route: Full coverage north of US 90 Auxiliary coverage south of US 90 Left exit from northbound Loop 410 to southbound I‑35/Binz-Engleman Rd. Partial directional interchanges at: Bandera Rd. — full connectivity is provided by access roads SH 151 — full connectivity is provided by access roads US 90 — full legacy cloverleaf interchange exists below the newer flyovers and provides full connectivity VIA Metropolitan Transit Randolph Park & Ride locations: Randolph: Fratt Interchange (I‑35/Randolph Blvd.) Crossroads: I‑10 West VIA Metropolitan Transit Center locations: North Star: San Pedro Ave. Ingram: Ingram Rd. (two blocks north of Loop 410)

TRAFFIC

Very heavy along northern arc (SH 151 to I‑35 North.) The northern section has been San Antonio's busiest or second busiest freeway for over four decades, with counts now exceeding 300,000 vehicles per day near Nacogdoches Rd. The southern half carries generally light to moderate traffic. Much of the chronic congestion along this stretch had been eased with the completion of several expansion and interchange projects in the first decade of this century. However, that expansion has now drawn significant increases in traffic and new recurring congestion. Recurring morning congestion occurs eastbound between SH 151 and I‑10 West, and northbound between Rigsby Ave. and I‑35 North. Evening peak congestion occurs in both directions between I‑10 West and US 281 North, westbound from I‑10 West to Bandera Rd., eastbound from Harry Wurzbach Rd. to I‑35 North, southbound from I‑35 to I‑10 East, and southbound from US 90 West to Medina Base Rd.

AVERAGE DAILY TRAFFIC
LOCATION	2002	2012	2017	2019	2021	2022	'12-'22 % CHG
E of Perrin-Beitel Rd.	124,000	150,000	158,807	163,071	150,837	153,459	+2.31%
W of Perrin-Beitel Rd.					166,438	169,318	N/A
W of Nacogdoches Rd.	166,000	202,000	220,817	229,058			N/A
E of Nacogdoches Rd.					300,835	306,104	N/A
W of Wetmore Rd.	179,000	201,000	215,609	235,310			N/A
E of McCullough Ave.	182,000	265,000	278,805	291,725	281,365	286,372	+8.06%
E of Blanco Rd.	185,000	270,000	297,977	305,674	267,693	272,435	+0.90%
E of Honeysuckle Ln.					214,718	218,396	N/A
Cherry Ridge Dr.	195,000	249,000	265,276	276,016	280,458	283,908	+14.02%
W of Fredericksburg Rd.					290,292	295,345	N/A
W of Evers Rd.	170,000	191,000	259,433	228,632	236,098	243,855	+27.67%
S of Bandera Rd.	158,000	190,000	212,258	218,205	236,447	226,303	+19.11%
S of Culebra Rd.					217,522	221,338	N/A
N of Marbach Rd.					140,795	143,204	N/A
N of US 90W	113,000	117,000	126,899	127,248	113,034	114,920	-1.78%
S of US 90W	82,000	83,000	104,373	121,514	103,402	105,057	+26.57%
S of Medina Base Rd.					91,829	93,387	N/A
N of Pearsall Rd.	51,000	54,000	71,978	76,486	68,998	70,214	+30.03%
S of Pearsall Rd.					72,766	74,040	N/A
W of I‑35S	45,000	47,000	57,595	73,410			N/A
E of I‑35S					45,988	46,813	N/A
E of Somerset Rd.	29,000	34,000	46,480	49,450	46,956	47,757	+40.46%
E of Poteet-Jourdanton Fwy.	30,000	32,000	46,378	53,146	50,605	51,436	+60.74%
W of Roosevelt Ave.	38,000	42,000	54,753	59,670	58,048	59,079	+40.66%
E of Roosevelt Ave.	38,000	47,000	50,234	52,761	47,189	47,973	+2.07%
W of I‑37	33,000	54,000	61,340	60,705	55,731	56,706	+5.01%
E of I‑37	36,000	57,000	56,618	56,356	54,120	55,100	-3.33%
S of Southcross Blvd.	39,000	58,000	61,887	61,383	58,550	59,595	+2.75%
S of Rigsby Ave.	46,000	65,000	65,675	65,688	64,697	65,832	+1.28%
S of E. Houston St.	58,000	69,000	77,712	78,559	77,434	77,783	+12.73%
S of I‑10E	61,000	72,000	80,872	83,569	79,506	80,928	+12.40%
N of I‑10E	68,000	88,000	82,798	82,654	80,020	82,179	-6.61%
N of FM 78	70,000	82,000	70,331	71,815	65,960	67,079	-18.20%

(NOTE: In 2021, TxDOT changed the location of several traffic counting stations. New stations will show no history prior to 2021, and discontinued stations will show no history for 2021 and thereafter.)

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Media gallery

Click here for historical photos of this freeway.

Click here for video of this freeway.

Construction projects

WW White Rd. to Rigsby Ave.: Replace cloverleaf interchange at I‑10 with five-level "stack" interchange. Click here for details on this project.
Valley Hi Dr. to Pearsall Rd.: Ramp reversals and intersection improvements.

Click here to view information for all projects in this corridor.

Future plans

TxDOT has intermediate-term plans to expand the section from US 90 to SH 16 South to eight lanes and replace the I‑35 South cloverleaf interchange with a multi-level flyover interchange. Those projects are currently projected to start in 2032.

A project to make several operational improvements in the Loop 410/US 281/San Pedro area will make substantial changes to exits, intersections, and access roads along Loop 410 between US 281 and West Ave. More details on that project is here.

History

A highway loop around San Antonio was first proposed in 1932 as part of the "Arneson Plan" to improve state highways in Bexar County. That plan lined-out today's Loop 410 between San Pedro and I‑35 North, but had the remainder of the loop closer to downtown than today's route. On the West Side, Arneson's planned route would have used the Acme Rd. and Benrus Blvd. corridors and run between Kelly and Lackland Air Force Bases. On the South Side, most of Arneson's route ran a mile or so south of today's Military Dr., and on the East Side, his route was a bit east of WW White Rd.

Planning for what was often referred to as the "Military Loop" on the North Side during WWII showed the section west of NW Military Hwy. running slightly northwestward to meet Fredericksburg Rd. near Wurzbach Rd.

The city's 1950 master plan, also known as the "Lilly Report", moved that routing a little further south to meet Callaghan Rd. at Fredericksburg Rd. and then follow the Callaghan Rd. corridor — which at that time was still outside the city — from there to US 90. By 1955, however, that route had been scrapped and replaced with the present-day route from NW Military Hwy. around to US 90, then continuing along today's routing around the South Side. This route was chosen to avoid traversing Lackland and Kelly Air Force bases and the increasingly urbanized section of the existing Loop 13 (Military Dr.) on the South Side, and this was the route included in the 1955 blueprint for the Interstate Highway System known as the "Yellow Book".

The first sections to be built in the 1950s were signed as Loop 13 and re-designated as Interstate 410 in 1960. The section on the North Side between I‑10 and I‑35 was not initially included in the Interstate program reportedly due to a dispute over design standards as that section of the loop had already been planned for some time. However, for route number continuity, that section was designated and signed as State Loop 410 until it was finally added to the Interstate Highway System in 1968 and subsequently designated as I‑410 by the Texas Transportation Commission on July 31, 1969 (Minute Order 62561.)

Loop 410 is named the Connally Loop for Texas Governor John B. Connally. Connally, who served as governor from 1963 to 1969, was from the San Antonio area and was instrumental in helping the city during the HemisFair World's Fair in 1968.

Loop 410 was the first Interstate loop in Texas to be completed.

September 1956: The section between Bandera Rd. Culebra Rd. opens as a two-lane expressway (i.e. one lane each way.)
October 1956: The segment from Culebra Rd. south to Marbach Rd. opens as a two-lane expressway, and the section from Marbach Rd. to US 90 opens as access roads.
March 1957: Access roads between Vance Jackson Rd. and Cherry Ridge Dr. open along with the mainlanes from Cherry Ridge Dr. to Fredericksburg Rd.
December 1957: Access roads from San Pedro Ave. to Vance Jackson Rd. open.
ca. 1958: The section between McCullough Ave. and Blanco Rd. upgraded to a freeway including construction of a cloverleaf interchange at San Pedro Ave.
April 1958: Access roads between Callaghan Rd. and Bandera Rd. open as well as the mainlanes from Fredericksburg Rd. to Callaghan Rd.
July 1958: Access roads from Wetmore Rd. to McCullough Ave. open.
1960: Interstate 410 designated and signs along existing sections of Loop 13 on the northwest side west of I‑10 are changed to I‑410, while the section east of I‑10 is renumbered and signed as State Loop 410.
September 1959: Freeway (mainlains and access roads) from US 90 to Old Pearsall Rd. completed.
January 1960: Freeway from Old Pearsall Rd. to I‑35 opens including interchange at I‑35.
April 1960: Interchange at I‑10 West completed.
May 1960: Mainlanes from Callaghan Rd. to Bandera Rd. completed.
June 1960: Freeway from Bandera Rd. to US 90 opens including interchange at US 90.
March 1961: Mainlanes from NW Military Hwy. to Cherry Ridge Dr. completed.
February 1963: Mainlanes from I‑35 South to Poteet-Jourdanton Fwy. open.
March 1963: Mainlanes from Poteet-Jourdanton Fwy. to Roosevelt Ave. completed.
September 1963: Mainlanes from Nacogdoches Rd. to San Pedro Ave. open.
1964: Mainlanes from I‑35 North to Nacogdoches Rd. opened, and freeway from Southcross Blvd. to Rittiman Rd. completed including interchange at I‑10 East.
1965: Mainlanes from Roosevelt Ave. to S Presa St. open.
January 19, 1966: Freeway from S Presa St. to Southcross Blvd. opens with ribbon-cutting ceremony for entire Loop 410 completion.
1969: Interchange at I‑37 completed.
July 1969: Interstate 410 designation finally extended to northern section of Loop 410.
1975: The section from Harry Wurzbach Rd. to San Pedro Ave. widened to six lanes.
1976: The segment from San Pedro Ave. to I‑10 West widened to six lanes.
1980-1983: Fratt Interchange rebuilt in a blockbuster project — the largest ever in the highway department's history at that time.
1981: The section from Perrin Beitel Rd. to Harry Wurzbach Rd. widened to six lanes.
1982: The segment from I‑10 West to Ingram Rd. widened to six lanes.
1987: The section from Ingram Rd. to Valley Hi Dr. widened to six lanes.
1988: Access roads from Somerset Rd. to Southton Rd. and from WW White Rd. to Southcross Blvd. built.
1994: Overpasses at Fredericksburg Rd. and at Cherry Ridge Dr. widened in preparatory projects to accommodate approaches to future I‑10 interchange flyovers.
1996: Additional westbound lane added from I‑10 West to Babcock Rd.
1998: The segment from Jackson-Keller Rd. to Cherry Ridge Dr. widened to ten lanes but only eight lanes marked to limit bottlenecking. This was the first project in a larger program to widen Loop 410 from I‑35 North to Culebra Rd.
1999: First section of TransGuide coverage on Loop 410 installed from I‑35 North to Ingram Rd.
2000-2009: I‑10 interchange reconstructed including expanding Loop 410 to eight lanes through interchange.
2001: The section between US 281 and McCullough Ave. widened and prepared for the planned 281/410 interchange.
2003: The segment from I‑10 West to Callaghan Rd. expanded to ten lanes.
2004: The section from Blanco Rd. to Jackson-Keller Rd. widened to ten lanes (eight lanes provisionally marked.)
June 18th, 2007: First ramp in US 281 interchange opened to traffic.
2008: The segment from McCullough Ave. to Blanco Rd. widened to ten lanes, and the San Pedro interchange rebuilt. The previously-completed sections between Blanco Rd. and I‑10 West restriped to ten lanes.
June 2008: US 281 interchange completed including widening Loop 410 to ten lanes from Nacogdoches Rd. to Jones-Maltsberger Rd.
May 2009: Flyovers to/from Bandera Rd. opened.
Mid 2009: The segment from Callaghan Rd. to Ingram Rd. widened to eight and ten lanes.
Late 2009: The section from Ingram Rd. to Culebra Rd. widened to six lanes.
2010: The segment from Austin Hwy. to Nacogdoches Rd. widened to ten lanes. This was the last section to be widened as part of the larger Loop 410 widening program that started in 1997.
2011: SH 130 signs are added to the section of Loop 410 from I‑35 South to I‑10 East as part of an effort to extend the SH 130 designation from the SH 130 toll road near Seguin to I‑35 to provide a single route number for the entire bypass of I-35.
2018: The segment from Ingram Rd. to SH 151 widened to eight lanes, and the first phase of the SH 151 interchange completed.
2019: Phase 1 of the US 90 interchange completed.
2020: The segment from north of Marbach Rd. to US 90 was reconstructed and expanded to include auxiliary lanes in both directions.
2021: Phase 2 of the SH 151 interchange completed.
2023: The segment from Ingram Rd. to south of SH 151 expanded from eight to ten lanes. The first flyover — from northbound Loop 410 to eastbound I‑10 — in the upgraded I‑10 East interchange was opened.